Night By Elie Wiesel (665 words) Essay Example For Students

Night By Elie Wiesel (665 words) Essay Night By Elie WieselNever will I overlook that night, the primary night in camp, which has transformed mylife into one taxing night, multiple times reviled and multiple times fixed. Never shallI overlook that smoke. Never will I overlook the little essences of the children,whose bodies I saw transformed into wreaths of smoke underneath a quiet blue sky. Nevershall I overlook those flares which devoured my confidence until the end of time. Never will Iforget that nighttime quietness which denied me, forever, of the desireto live. Never will I overlook those minutes which killed my God and my souland turned my fantasies to tidy. Never will I overlook these things, regardless of whether I amcondemned to live as long as God Himself. Never. - Elie Wiesel TheHolocaust-the mass homicide of European Jews by the Nazis during World War II. Itwas the unbelievable, the horrendous homicide of 6 million Jews and millions ofcivilians of various ethnic and racial backgrouds. It was normal men enteringthe German armed force and transformed into Nazis, heartless executioners. It was theconnotation of Holocaust which became Night, by Elie Wiesel. This paints apicture, brimming with distinctive symbolism and truth, about the decimation of his own people.Elie observes the starvation, ruthless beating, and inevitable passing of hisfriends, family, and individual Jews. Wiesel, himself, endure Auschwitz, Buna,Buchenwald, and Gleiwitz, all German death camps, where abominations suchas incineration and murder hung thickly noticeable all around like an overwhelming cologne. BornSeptember 30, 1928, Eliezer Wiesel drove a real existence illustrative of numerous Jewishchildren. Experiencing childhood in a little town in Romania, his reality spun aroundfamily, strict investigation, network, and God. However his family, network, and hisinnocent confidence were annihilated upon the extradition of his town in 1944. Oneof the principle subjects in this book is the means by which Elie, a kid of solid strict faith,along with a large number of his kindred jews, lose their confidence in God due to the horrificeffects of the inhumane imprisonments. Elie Wiesel experienced his youth in thetown of Transylvania, in Hungary, during the mid 1940s. At a youthful age, Elietook a solid enthusiasm for Jewish religion, while he burned through the vast majority of his timestudying the Talmud. In the long run he makes aquaintances with Moshe the Beadle whotakes Elie under the care of him, and furthermore trains him more top to bottom of the ways ofthe Talmud and cabbala. Elie is educated to address God for answers throughMoshes guidance. Moshe is sent away to an inhumane imprisonment, and upon hisreturn, Elie finds that he has changed drastically. This is a hinting ofwhat will happen to Elies confidence in the quality and intensity of God. Moshehad changed. ..He no longer conversed with me of God or the cabbala, however just of whathe had seen.(4) The principal proof of Elies loss of confidence, is while hequestions God during the determination procedure. This procedure is concerned withseparating the youthful, solid, and sound Jews, from the old, frail, sickly,and/or newborn children. The Jews were isolated from their friends and family who wereimmediately sent to the crematory or consumed in huge fire pits. Elie saysgoodbye to his mom and sister, accidental that it will be the last time thathe will ever observe them again. Huge numbers of his kindred Jews started to ask and recitethe Kaddish, a Jewish supplication for the dead, bearing in mind the end goal to reassure their owngrievances for the misfortune they had endured. Be that as it may, Elie questions, Whyshould I favor His name? The Eternal, Lord of the Universe, the All-Powerful andTerrible, was quiet. What had I to express gratitude toward Him for?(31) Elie witnesses a loadof kids being dumped into a pit of flares which he names as the Angel ofDeath, and now, the lessening impacts of the main night of camplife are as of now negatively affecting Elies strict confidence and personalself-worth. The last decay of Elies thought of God, where he renouncesall confidence in His reality, is during the memorial service of 3 Jewish guys who werehanged the day preceding. One of whom was a youngster, so negligible in weight, whom battle. .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6 , .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6 .postImageUrl , .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6 , .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6:hover , .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6:visited , .u974c0f821a 611157d080450f1f3b6ea6:active { border:0!important; } .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6:active , .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6:hover { mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u974c0f821a611157d080450f1f3b6ea6:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The National Socialist German Workers' Party and nazism Essay

Similarities and Differences in Sociological Theories of Crime

Sociological speculations of wrongdoing contain a lot of valuable data in the comprehension of criminal conduct. Sociological hypotheses are exceptionally helpful in the investigation of criminal conduct on the grounds that not at all like mental and organic speculations they are for the most part full scale level hypotheses which endeavor to clarify paces of wrongdoing for a gathering or a territory as opposed to clarifying why an individual carried out a wrongdoing. (Kubrin, 2012). There is anyway some miniaturized scale level sociological speculations of wrongdoing that endeavors to clarify the individual’s inspiration for criminal conduct (Kubrin, 2012). Of the contemporary sociological hypotheses there are three which go to the front line and which we will inspect, social clash hypothesis, social disruption hypothesis, and normal decision hypothesis. Social Conflict Theory As the name proposes, social clash hypothesis is a contention based point of view. Struggle based viewpoints attest that laws that oversee what practices are criminal and what are not originated from a contention between people with great influence and the individuals who aren’t (Kubrin, 2012). Social clash hypothesis essentially says that wrongdoing is conceived out of this contention between those that include power inside a general public and those that don’t. Those that have the force in a general public are the ones that make the laws and in this manner make laws which will profit them and forward their objectives and goals regularly to the detriment of those without power. It is this contention and the subsequent laws directing what is criminal and what isn't that is at last the reason for wrongdoing. Social Disorganization Theory Unlike social clash hypothesis, social confusion hypothesis depends on the accord point of view. The agreement viewpoint accepts that laws are conceived out of an accord of individuals from a general public looking for request inside that society (Kubrin, 2012). Social disorder hypothesis sees wrongdoing because of a breakdown of association and culture inside a general public (Warner, 2003). This breakdown of association and culture inside a network prompts an absence of casual social control which thus prompts higher crime percentages particularly in the adolescent populace (Simons, Simons, Burt, Brody, and Cutrona, 2005). Social complication hypothesis declares that solid degrees of association inside a network alongside a feeling of urban pride rouse people to play an increasingly dynamic job in the network in this way going about as an obstacle to wrongdoing. Sane Choice Theory The third of the contemporary sociological speculations is normal decision hypothesis. As a distinct difference to social clash hypothesis and social disorder hypothesis which are large scale level speculations, balanced decision hypothesis is a small scale level hypothesis (Kubrin, 2012). Sane decision hypothesis centers around the individual inspiration driving criminal conduct. Explicitly the possibility that the decision to carry out criminal conduct is a decision dependent on a kind of hazard reward situation. The individual thinking about a criminal demonstration intentionally gauges the hazard related with the wrongdoing against the prize they remain to pick up from the wrongdoing. Similitudes and Differences Each of these three contemporary sociological hypotheses of wrongdoing are comparative in that they center mostly around wrongdoing in poor or impeded zones. This center is evident with social clash hypothesis and social disruption hypothesis however not as much with objective decision hypothesis in spite of the fact that it is there. With reasonable decision hypothesis the idea of what is to be picked up from the crime in itself infers that the individual is doubtlessly poor or impeded somehow or another requiring wrongdoing to acquire the things they need or want. Where these hypotheses vary is their fundamental ideas of what the real reason for wrongdoing is. Where social clash hypothesis and social complication hypothesis see the reasons for wrongdoing on a gathering level, levelheaded decision hypothesis says that wrongdoing is caused on an individual level. In like manner, on a significantly progressively central level, social clash hypothesis and social confusion hypothesis vary in that social clash hypothesis accepts laws controlling criminal conduct are framed out of contention inside a general public where social disruption hypothesis accepts laws are shaped from an accord inside society. Ends Sociological hypotheses of wrongdoing are extremely helpful, particularly in the expectation and avoidance of wrongdoing. Probably the best quality is their capacity to clarify wrongdoing inside a specific gathering or network. Be that as it may, the way that the gathering or region they frequently center around is poor or impediments is probably the best shortcoming. Sociological speculations neglect to represent purported clerical violations and different kinds of wrongdoings that happen predominantly among progressively affluent people and in increasingly wealthy neighborhoods. Likewise with mental and organic hypotheses, sociological speculations have their qualities and shortcomings. To really comprehend the nature and reasons for wrongdoing and to have the option to forestall it will take a comprehension and mixing of a wide range of hypotheses.

Tips for Managing Conflict, Tension, and Anger

Tips for Managing Conflict, Tension, and Anger Stress Management Situational Stress Print Tips for Managing Conflict, Tension, and Anger Maintaining Your Composure When Your Buttons Are Being Pushed By Leonard Holmes Updated on December 19, 2017 Image Source/Getty Images More in Stress Management Situational Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Here are our best tips for managing conflict, tension and anger. After all, to be a safe and predictable person for those around you at work and at home, it is essential that you are able to maintain your composure when you feel like your buttons are being pushed. This strength will help you to achieve your goals in business as well as your goals for your personal relationships.   Share Negative Emotions Only in Person or on the Phone E-mails, answering machine messages, and notes are too impersonal for the delicate nature of negative words. What feels like a bomb on paper may feel like a feather when delivered in person.   Pepper Your Responses with the Phrase, I Understand This phrase will support your goals when the tension is high and you need to find common ground to form compromises or agreements with the other party.   Take Notice When You Feel Threatened by What Someone Is Saying to You Resist the temptation to defend yourself or to shut down the other persons communication. It will take this kind of discipline to become an open, trusting communicator.   Practice Making Requests of Others When You Are Angry  It is often much more useful to make a request than to share your anger. For example, if the babysitter is driving you crazy by leaving dirty dishes in the sink, it is better to make a request of them than to let your anger leak out in other ways such as by becoming more distant.   Try Repeating the Exact Words That Someone Is Saying to You When They Are in a Lot of Emotional Pain or When You Disagree with Them Completely This mirroring technique can keep both the speaker and the listener centered in a difficult conversation, especially when the attitude of the person doing the mirroring is to gain an understanding of a different point of view.   Take Responsibility for Your Feelings to Avoid Blaming Others Notice when blameshifting begins to leak into your speech. I feel angry when you are twenty minutes late and you dont call me is much better than, You make me so mad by being late.   Learn to Listen to the Two Sides of the Conflict That You Are in as If You Were the Mediator or the Counselor If you can listen and respond in this way you will bring peace and solutions to the conflict more quickly. For example, in response to an employees raise request, you might say, On the one hand I understand that you really need the raise, and on the other hand I represent the company, whose funds are very scarce at this time. Is there a way that I can work on your compensation package that does not involve cash? Here, the mediators point of view can look for the creative compromise that takes into account the limits and the needs of both parties.   Take a Playful Attitude Towards Developing the Skill of Emotional Self-Control in High Conflict Situations You could view maintaining self-control in a tense, angry conversation as an athletic feat. You could also view developing this skill as similar to working out at the gym with weights - the more that you use your self-control muscle the bigger it will grow and the easier it will be to remain calm when tension is great.   Wait a Few Days to Cool Down Emotionally When a Situation Makes You Feel Wild with Intense Feelings, Such as Rage As time passes, you will be able to be more objective about the issues and to sort out the truth about the situation more clearly.   Make a Decision to Speak with Decorum Whenever You Are Angry or Frustrated If you give yourself permission to blow up, people will not feel safe around you. They will feel that you are not predictable and will carry shields when they are near you. The fear and walls of others will not support your goals for success in relationships or at work. The 7 Best Online Anger Management Classes

The Geography of Colossae in the Times of Paul Essay example

Introduction This essay will basically look at the geography of Colossae in the times of Paul, study on the word which is â€Å"handwriting† (Colossians 4:12) found in Pauls’ epistle and to apply the hermeneutics to the interpretation of the text. Geography of Colossae Colossae is also one of the church in Asia Minor which Paul did not visit or been there but he wrote epistle to the church. Colossae is about 100 miles east of Ephesus. It lay on the south bank of the Lycus River which is a tributary of the Maeander River, not far from the larger and wealthier towns of Laodicea and Hierapolis. It is 10 miles southeast of Laodicea and Hierapolis was 6 miles north of Laodicea , but Colossae is resting at the foot of Mount Cadmus . In the fourth†¦show more content†¦In Paul’s epistle he said that Epaphras is his fellow servant, who is a faithful minister of Christ (Col 1:7). Epaphras was the one who established the church in Colossae. Through his ministries in Colossae he could found it hard to encounter the philosophy of other men. So he went to see Paul imprison in Rome to help me encountered the new philosophy which the church in Colossae were facing. Therefore, Paul wrote his epistles to Colossae church to encourage them to stay firm in their faith. In his epistle, he wrote in chapter 2 verses 14 which say, â€Å"Blotting out the handwriting of ordinance that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing to his cross† However, this research is basing more study only on the word, ‘Handwriting’. Furthermore, the word handwriting in Greek is χÎ µÃŽ ¹Ã Ã¡ ½ ¹ÃŽ ³Ã ÃŽ ±Ãâ€ ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ½ which translated as cheirographon. It is a noun, accusative, neuter and singular. We can see it now that the word cheirographon is acting as a subject in the sentence and it also used as a metaphor in the sentence. The meaning for this word is the handwriting, bond or a legal document, certificate of debt . If we look in the four different version of the bible we could see the broader meaning for the word cheirographon. For instance, in the King James Version says, the blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary us, and took it of the way, nailing it to his cross, in

The Effects Of Workplace Violence On Nursing - 1329 Words

Effects and Management of Workplace Violence in Nursing Gurdeep Kaur, Virender Kaur, and Ana Tolentino Jimenez California State University, Bakersfield Effects and Management of Workplace Violence in Nursing Workplace violence occurs due to an interpersonal conflict between two or more people that results from differences in their needs, ideas, goals, interests, or values (Marquis and Huston, 2015). Workplace violence is not limited to physical violence; it also includes negative activities such as bulling, verbal abuse, pranking, negative insinuations, gossiping, insubordination, and withholding information (Latham, Ringl, Hogan, 2013). Research suggests that more than 80 % nurses experience workplace violence at some point in their working careers (Frederick, 2014). New graduate nurses are especially susceptible to workplace violence because they are usually unprepared to deal with it, and they are more likely to leave the profession due to workplace violence (Frederick, 2014). Townsend (2012) reported that 70 % of nurses, who experienced bullying at the workplace, leave their jobs, and 60 % of new graduate nurses quit their jobs within first six months of being bullied (as cited in Marquis Huston, 2015). Workplace violence is an important leadership issue to address because it affects turnover rates, productivity, patient safety, and overall quality of care (Marquis Huston, 2015). Review of Nursing Literature A disturbing phenomenon ofShow MoreRelatedEssay Workplace Violence in Nursing890 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace Violence in Nursing Professional Position Paper Nurses continually strive to bring holistic, efficient, and safe care to their patients. However, if the safety and well-being of the nurses are threatened or compromised, it is difficult for nurses to work effectively and efficiently. Therefore, the position of the American Nurses Association (ANA) advocate that every nursing professional have the right to work in a healthy work environment free of abusive behavior such as bullying,Read MoreHorizontal Violence in Nursing1512 Words   |  7 PagesHorizontal Violence in Nursing Paisley Rojo Gen 200 July 21, 2015 Dr. Davidov The High Cost of Horizontal Violence In nursing, there is a growing concern called, horizontal violence. Horizontal violence is an act of aggression from one nurse to the other. Horizontal violence impedes teamwork, hinders patient care and causes a negative work environment (Becher visovsky,  2012). Even though workplace politics exists in every profession, the effects of horizontal violence, orRead MoreViolence Against Student Nurses and Newly Registered Nurses1070 Words   |  5 PagesViolence against student nurses and newly registered nurses Abstract Workplace violence toward student nurses and newly registered nurses must be eliminated. Nursing students and new nurses are particularly vulnerable to acts of violence. This article discusses the status of the workplace violence of nurses, the effects of violence on students and new nurses, and some strategies can be used to reduce the workplace violence to nurses. Keywords: student nurses, newly registered nurses, workplaceRead MorePatient Violence Towards Nursing Personnel772 Words   |  3 PagesViolence in all its forms has increased dramatically worldwide in recent decades (Balamurugan, Jose Nandakumar, 2012). According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) report, nearly two million American workers report having been victims of workplace violence each year (2011). Among those at highest risks for violence in the healthcare setting are nurses, social workers and psychiatric evaluators (OSHA, 2011). In the healthcare setting, physical assault is almost exclusivelyRead MoreBullying in Nursing838 Words   |  3 Pagesepicenter of the job, it is disconcerting to see a high occurrence of bullying in the nursing environment. Lateral bullying and lateral violence are terms used to describe bullying, uncivil behavior, disrespect, social devaluing, peer control and verbal, physical and emotional abuse occurring between nur ses and or colleagues (Ceravolo et al., 2012). Abusive behaviors from a superior are considered vertical or hierarchal violence and are commonly seen when the superior attempts to control or bully the nurseRead MoreDoctor Of Nursing Practice Roles1434 Words   |  6 PagesDoctor of Nursing Practice Roles against Workplace Violence in the Nursing Profession Introduction Workplace violence in nursing has become a serious problem that affects the nursing profession in many aspects (Murray, 2009). According to Skehan (2015), there were few studies or documentation about the perception or management of nurse leaders against workplace violence in nursing. Therefore, doctor of nursing practice (DNP) prepared nurses should become the experts in identifying, analyzing, andRead MoreLateral Workplace Violence : Effective, Destructive, Or Harassment Behavior1344 Words   |  6 Pages Lateral workplace violence is described as aggressive, destructive, or harassment behavior in the workplace between nurses or other members of the interprofessional team (Yoder-Wise, 2015). This type of behavior can occur within every aspect of life including professional, social, and personal life. The behavior can include gossiping, withholding information, or ostracism extending outside of the workplace and can occur in person or in cyberspace (American Nursing Association, 2011). LateralRead MoreLateral Violence As A Non Physical Act1368 Words   |  6 PagesLateral violence is described as a non-physical act occurring between individuals and is intended to hurt another person emotionally. It may be a secretive or noticeable act of verbal or non-verbal hostility. The actions can extend exterior to the place of work and can be perpetrated individually or in cyberspace. Within the nursing community, lateral violence is described as aggression behaviors amongst nurses. The most common forms of lateral violence in the nursing practice include: underminingRead MorePatient-Related Violence for Nurses in Australia Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagesthe occupation at most risk of patient-related violence in the health care sector. The researchers found that patient-related violence against nurses was highest in emergency departments; 70% of nurses working there estimated to experience violence on a weekly basis and between 60-90% of nurses reported exposure to violence, both verbal and physical (Pich et al., 2010). Patients were consistently identified as the most common source of such violence, responsible for ≠¤89% of all cases (Pich et alRead MoreLateral Violence in the Workplace1270 Words   |  6 PagesLateral violence in the workplace Lona A Smeltzer Southern New Hampshire University Lateral violence in the workplace Abstract This paper explores five published articles as they relate to the concept of Lateral violence (LV) within the nursing profession and how it directly affects the work environment. The concept of LV is also known as abusive behavior, horizontal violence, bullying, aggression, horizontal hostility, verbal abuse or â€Å"nurses eating their young†. There are four

New Jersey’s Proposals to Cut Health Care Spending Free Essays

string(122) " households could fail to access the life sustaining drugs as well as the related services necessary for positive living\." In virtually every corner of the United States, State governments are grappling with the inevitable challenge of deriving a balanced budget given the outstanding deficits in revenues, a scenario largely precipitated by the financial crisis that has hit the nation. New Jersey is no exception. Indeed, state officials have increasingly found themselves faced with the reality of soliciting sufficient revenues to fund the topmost priority issues, unlike in previous budget allocations. We will write a custom essay sample on New Jersey’s Proposals to Cut Health Care Spending or any similar topic only for you Order Now In an attempt to draw a balanced and fair budget for the 2010 fiscal year, various proposals have been advanced. One of the efforts that can not escape notice is the idea of cutting funding for the state’ FamilyCare. The proposed strategy in realizing such an objective involves freezing the enrollment of parents between 150 and 200 percent of the federal poverty level and the implementation of co-payments for individuals in Medicaid and the AIDS Drug Distribution Program (ADDP) (NJ for Health Care, 2009). Indeed, the budget dilemma facing the state is understandable, given the severe economic conditions. Whereas the idea of cutting monetary allocations on some items would suffice in minimizing the critical budget deficits that are essential in facilitating the advancement of the state’s yearly programs, adopting a rational approach based on critical evaluation reveals the utter need to reconsider the said proposals. In an economy where a significant majority is struggling to meet the high costs of living, the proposal to cut back FamilyCare enrollment of parents is evidently a grave issue that can be described as a matter of life and death. The fact that a healthy population is vital in the enhancement of economic prosperity is an indisputable reality that the state authorities embrace. In essence, the provision of Medicaid prescription drug benefits as well as the upgrading of Drug Distribution Programs for AIDS patients is essential in promoting health and wellness among New Jersey residents. Amidst the tough economic times, the advocacy of a sound healthcare policy is of critical significance. As such, the proposal to cut back funding on health-related programs like FamilyCare, Medicaid and ADDP should be inevitably reconsidered. The Significance of the Proposed Changes on Health Care The availability of quality and affordable health care services is necessary in the advancement of individual well-being. From a medical perspective, the client (patient) is the most important person. A general look at the proposed cuts and co-pays gives the indication that they will affect the ability of individuals to meet health care costs at a time when the cost of living has reached significantly high levels. In reality, the proposals will have a significant impact on health-seeking behavior, which constitutes a direct concern for the nursing and medical professions. The Impact of the Proposals from Positive and Negative Perspectives Generally speaking, the idea of coming up with a single healthcare policy that is not only budget-friendly, but which adequately addresses the health needs of the American population has remained elusive. At the national as well state level, financial analysts have year in year out grappled with the task of allocating funds to diverse priority issues. The idea of substituting certain financial allocations with others discerned to be of more socioeconomic consequence, often with mixed repercussions, has emerged as one of the most popular trends. Indeed, years of research and analysis has depicted the initiative of cutting health care spending on specific items as a double-edged sword. Positive Consequences One of the healthcare policy issues that have been extensively studied is the effect of Medicaid drug co-payments. Examining the results reveals a significant degree of consistency in as far as the programs’ ability to minimize the overall healthcare expenditure is concerned. A longitudinal survey carried out in thirty eight states revealed that co-payments play an important role in barring individuals entitled to Medicaid benefits from filling prescriptions during a particular year, holding all other factors constant (Mason, Leavitt, and Chaffee, 2007). The predominant argument advanced in support of such behavioral trends is that beneficiaries of government-sponsored healthcare programs are inherently motivated to excessively utilize healthcare services funded by the government, which include ADDP and Medicaid, when compared with those with private insurance (National Organization for Women, 2007). By extension therefore, implementing co-pays suffice in instilling an increased sense of responsibility on beneficiaries of such programs, thus minimizing the tendency to seek unnecessary medical care. In essence, the rationale behind the suggestion to implement co-pays is based on their underlying assumption that the move would discourage unnecessary consumption of the Medicaid and ADDP programs which have traditionally been sponsored by the New Jersey government. In the long-run, the move is expected to save the state from excessive expenditures, and the arising funds directed to other priority issues. Negative Consequences A closer evaluation depicts the proposed healthcare cutbacks as likely to precipitate numerous unintended consequences in the long-term. For instance, it would expose the residents of New Jersey to increased health risks and dangers. This is particularly so considering the vulnerable population groups such as the poorest of the poor, the physically and mentally challenged, and those suffering from terminal illnesses. According to preliminary projections, the Medicaid proposal will affect an estimated 418,000 of the most vulnerable individuals, while the ADDP one will affect about 7,500 individuals registered under the program (NJ for Health Care, 2009). Indeed, New Jersey’s FamilyCare program acts as the principal health insurance plan for low-income families within the state (Castro, 2007). Thus, the decision to close the insurance programs and implement co-payments will have far-reaching consequences on health-seeking behavior amongst these vulnerable groups. The most obvious result would be to deter patients from seeking healthcare at the appropriate times. This would serve to exacerbate their health conditions, and majority would definitely end up requiring specialized hospitalization and emergency attendance. For instance, baring individuals with HIV/AIDS from accessing the AIDS Drug Distribution Program and imposing co-pays implies that a significant majority from low-income households could fail to access the life sustaining drugs as well as the related services necessary for positive living. You read "New Jersey’s Proposals to Cut Health Care Spending" in category "Papers" While the assumption that depicts co-pays as serving to reduce unnecessary expenditures for individuals entitled to state-sponsored medical programs like Medicaid and ADDP could hold under certain circumstances, there is also a strong counterargument that the opposite could be true. Denial of the existing health insurance program (FamilyCare) which is fairly affordable would precipitate avoidable scenarios such as healthcare emergencies as well as serious illnesses (National Organization for Women, 2007). On another front, raising co-payments encourages patients to avoid cost-effective healthcare, and instead, seek medical attendance when their health status has significantly deteriorated. Examining the previous results of implementing co-pays gives provides strong indications that they indeed cause disadvantaged and marginalized groups to forego healthcare services, even those often described as fundamentally essential. In the last financial year for instance, the state of Oregon eliminated co-pays for prescription drugs after it emerged that the state’s Medicaid program co-payments were precipitating significant shifts in treatment patterns (Mason, Leavitt, and Chaffee, 2007). According to an investigation carried out in the same year, Medicaid co-pays for low-income individuals not only failed to reduce health costs as envisioned in the initial plan, but also precipitated clients to prefer a waiver of the co-pay as opposed to seeking medical services. The overall result of such tendencies is to inevitably increase the associated healthcare bills. Thus by implementing the FamilyCare, Medicaid and AIDS Drugs Distribution programs, the state of New Jersey would end up incurring more costs. From a practical point of view, this increased burden would be transferred to the ordinary taxpayer who has to pay additional taxes so as to cater for the unplanned healthcare expenditures. According to an analytical survey conducted by the Hispanic Directors Association of New Jersey (HDANJ), the proposed cuts are indeed shortsighted, and will most likely have severe financial implications (NJ for Health Care, 2009). This is not only in reference to the direct costs incurred in curative care, but as well those initiatives deemed to alleviate disease causation and spread. A case in point is when we consider the possible costs of patients who contract infectious diseases like the HIV virus, simply because they lack concise awareness of how the infection is transmitted. Similarly, it would be necessary to embrace a relatively new approach in the institutionalization of mentally sick clients who fail to receive appropriate outpatient counseling (Castro, 2007). In practice, these and other cases would most likely make the state and county governments incur additional and unplanned healthcare costs. Why the Nursing Professional Body Should Oppose the Proposed Cuts and Co-pays Examining the available body of evidence provides sufficient proof that the proposals to freeze the enrollment of parents in FamilyCare and implementation co-payments for individuals in Medicaid and the AIDS Drug Distribution Program are not only unnecessary, but also poses unprecedented health risks and dangers to the residents of New Jersey. It is imperative that nursing professional organizations throughout the state join hands with the rest of the citizenry in ensuring that these proposals are not implemented, considering the pivotal nature of the nursing profession in advocating for sound healthcare policy and promoting individual wellbeing in society. Indeed, the nursing fraternity should fight these cuts by using whichever means possible to influence state authorities to safeguard the health for all residents through the restoration of funding for the State’s FamilyCare, Medicaid and AIDS Drug Distribution Programs. This could be achieved by heeding the recently derived initiative of making phone calls to the state headquarters so as to express dissatisfaction with the proposals. Rationale for the Decision The proposals to cut health care spending on programs like Medicaid and ADDP in the state should not have been advanced at such an inappropriate timing. Indeed, the current financial crisis facing the nation as a whole has not spared New Jersey. Examining the unemployment rates reveals that they have attained record-high proportions. As more and more citizens are laid off thus losing individual and family healthcare insurance, the situation is becoming more and more desperate for many residents, particularly for low-income households. At a time when living costs have attained unprecedented levels, the move to cutback enrollment in the State’s FamilyCare for poor working adults as well as the initiative to implement co-payments for individuals who least can afford them could not be less untimely and misplaced. To further highlight why the proposed cuts and co-pays are unwarranted, it is worthwhile mentioning that New Jersey has indeed received unanticipated federal funding aimed at stimulating the state’s economic growth. Recently, for instance, the state received a windfall of an estimated two billion dollars (for Medicaid) and another one hundred million dollars (for FamilyCare) in additional federal funding, both of which were unexpected (). Despite the fact that these funds were largely utilized to correct the deficits in the state budget, it would have been similarly important to use a certain percentage cushion the health cutbacks. Indeed, this was the actual intention of the Congress. By utilizing the additional funds in appropriate ways, New Jersey would have probably won itself even more federal funding to meet its priority issues. In a nutshell therefore, implementing the said proposals is certainly a misplaced option, considering that it would have been avoided had the sound allocation mechanisms been employed. According to recent projections, an estimated seventy thousand people would be removed from the FamilyCare program, the only major health insurance scheme for low-income households should the stated proposals go through (NJ for Health Care, 2009). Likewise, the proposed move to implement Medicaid co-payments will affect the majority of those it is intended for: the elderly, poor, and children. The increased premiums and co-pays for health care have the implication that these vulnerable groups will be unable to access and afford essential medical services. Indeed, thousands of children in New Jersey could end up losing coverage for essential health care services such as payments for hearing aids, eyeglasses, and speech therapy among other necessary therapies hardly affordable to low-income households. In addition, implementation of co-pays for patients registered in the ADDP means that the less disadvantaged may experience unprecedented challenges in accessing drugs, counseling services, and any other necessary therapies and therapies. Overall, the implementation of the proposed cuts and co-pays make it hard for New Jersey residents to access quality and affordable health care which has often been cited as a necessary prerequisite for economic growth and development. As evidence from the Oregon case where similar cutbacks were implemented, the overall state expenditure on healthcare is likely to increase, rather than decrease. Though proposal to implement FamilyCare cuts and Medicaid programs co-payments may lead to reduced costs in the short-term, the unintended consequences such as the tendency by patients to seek medical services when their health condition has deteriorated will mean additional in the long-term. Rather than the envisaged intention of lowering costs, the implementation of the proposals will only serve to place extra pressure on the state coffers, which in turn will be redirected to ordinary taxpayers. As New Jersey’s Senator Joseph Vitale recently observed, not only will vulnerable families be affected, but the state economy will also be hurt (NJ for Health Care, 2009). According to state projections, investing a single dollar in FamilyCare generates about four dollars in business activity, which translates to a loss estimated at forty million dollars (The Star-Ledger Editorial Board, 2009). Evidently therefore, the implementation of the proposed cuts and co-pays will have vast, disastrous and multiple consequences on individual families and the state as a whole. Those arguing for the implementation of Medicaid and ADDP co-payments also seem to neglect the essentiality of good health. By making healthcare services less affordable particularly for low-income families, the proposed co-pays will push individuals to the edge where they will continuously face one inevitable dilemma: that of choosing between basic necessities like food and housing on the one hand, and heath care needs on the other. The overall result would be to discourage health-seeking behavior. By implication, the nursing and medical professional fraternities will be faced with the increased task of attending to patients in critical conditions, which puts unwarranted burdens on an already strained health care system. Conclusion Considering the tough economic conditions that prevail in the state of New Jersey, it is imperative that the proposals to implement cuts for FamilyCare and co-pays for Medicaid and ADDP programs be reconsidered. Particularly for individual families earning low incomes, the implementation of such initiatives presents a situation where one is increasingly faced with the dilemma of choosing between heath care needs and other necessities of life. Considering that the harsh economic conditions may force the State’s residents to opt to satisfy the more pressing needs of food and rent at the expense of health care services, it is necessary to reexamine the proposals. In a nutshell, the New Jersey State authorities should focus on expanding health care insurance coverage for all residents irrespective of their socioeconomic status or race, rather than suggesting cuts and co-pays which will not only harm individual families, but the wellbeing of the state as a whole. References Castro, R. J. (2007). Time to Keep the FamilyCare Promise. New Jersey Policy Perspective. http://njcitizenaction. org/hcfallingshort. pdf Coalition for a Moral Budget. (2009). Press release: Medicaid and ADDP co-pays will harm the most vulnerable New Jerseyans call upon legislature to eliminate co-pays from budget. Mason, D. J. , Leavitt, J. K. , and Chaffee, M. W. (2007). Policy politics in nursing and health care. (5th ed). Edinburgh : Elsevier Mosby. National Organization for Women. (2007). Tax cuts hurt the poor. Opposing Viewpoints: Poverty. Ed. Viqi Wagner. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2007. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Apollo Library. Retrieved June 25, 2009 from http://find. galegroup. com/ovrc/infomark. do? contentSet=GSRCtype=retrievetabID=T010prodId=OVRCdocId=EJ3010159287source=galesrcprod=OVRCuserGroupName=apolloversion=1. 0 NJ for Health Care (2009). Senator Vitale, Chair NJ Senate Health Committee stands with advocates to oppose cut backs to NJ FamilyCare, Medicaid and the Aids Drug Distribution Program. May 12, 2009. Retrieved June 25, 2009 from http://njcitizenaction. org/hcpress20090512a. html The Star-Ledger Editorial Board. (May 26, 2009). N. J. FamilyCare funding: An avoidable budget cut. The Star-Ledger. Retrieved June 25, 2009 from http://blog. nj. com/njv_editorial_page/2009/05/nj_familycare_funding_an_avoid. html How to cite New Jersey’s Proposals to Cut Health Care Spending, Papers

Skateboarding Essays - Skateboarding, Youth Culture,

Skateboarding Skateboarding is one of the most unique, enjoyable, and physically demanding sports in the world. Like baseball, basketball and football, skateboarding his endured many changes and fluctuations in popularity, and has emerged as one of the most entertaining and satisfying activities enjoyed by both today's youth and its adults. The goal of this paper is to inform about the history, evolution and present state of skateboarding. The concept of skateboarding was invented in the 1950s when surfers from California wanted to try their surfing techniques on land. All over California, surfers and teenagers began constructing their own"land surfboards" by attaching roller skate wheels to wooden crates. The surfers would then ride down steep hills while in the crates, performing surfing moves as they went down. This idea, however, was a painful one. Wooden crates did not provide the necessary range of motion to equate to surfing and, consequently, many surfers were injured while experimenting with their new invention. As a result, wooden surfboard-shaped boards were constructed. A pair of roller skate wheels were attached eight inches inward to either end of the board to add stability while riding. One day, a young man named Alan Gelfand revolutionized skateboarding. While riding, he pushed downward with his back foot, causing the front of the board to rise. He then jumped with the board. This caused the board, and Alan, to lift off into the air about five inches off the ground. This technique became known as the "ollie", after Alan "Ollie" Gelfand. This was a momentous occasion in the history of skateboarding. Before Alan's discovery, skateboarding was nothing more than land surfing. The ability to ollie marked the transition between land surfing and skateboarding. Now that people could leave the ground with their board, a brand-new sport was born, and skateboarding became a sport of it's own. Now that skateboarders could jump into the air, a whole new world was opened to them. All across America kids were constructing their own boards. Skateboarding became a discovery sport. Everyone was discovering new ways to spin and flip their board and land back on it. Skateboarders were jumping down stairs, over gaps and onto handrails. Skateboarding was flourishing. The explosion of skateboarding was noticed not only by kids, but by enterprising entrepreneurs. Pioneering businessmen saw a potential market in skateboarding, and acted on it. Skateboards became mass-produced, allowing kids to buy a board, rather than build one. The market boomed, and skateboarding became an industry. The skateboard itself has undergone an evolution of it's own. Skateboard decks were originally just pieces of wood. Slowly, the decks took on a rectangular shape, with the two smaller sides rounded off. A "nose" and "tail", curvatures on the ends of the board, were made to help a skateboarder ollie. Griptape, a corse sandpaper-like tape, was added to the top of the board to help skateboarders stay on their boards. Skateboard decks are now made by compressing multiple layers of wood together to make the board stronger. The skateboard wheel has also undergone a transformation. Skateboard wheels were originally just metal roller skate wheels. Rubber wheels were made to make riding on the skateboard smoother. Finally, urethane wheels were invented to make the wheels smoother, lighter, and cheaper to produce. Skateboarding is now one of the fastest-growing sports markets in the United States and Europe. Every year there are more than 350 million dollars is spent on skateboarding-related products. Everything from wheels and kneepads, to shoes and clothing items are produced and purchased. Skateboard parks are opening up all across the country. Skateboarding is currently at the height of its popularity. Skateboarding as a sport in the 1990s has taken on an identity of it's own. Skateboarders see the sport as the perfect activity. Skateboarding has no bias. It accepts anyone, regardless of race, gender, age, or creed. The unofficial skateboarding motto is ?If you carry a board, you are my friend'. One advantage to skateboarding is that skateboarders can do it anywhere: skate parks, garages, streets, parks, basketball courts, parking lots or back alleys. Skateboarders don't need a field to play in. They just need their skateboards. Skateboarding teaches determination. It teaches you how to set goals, and what it takes to achieve them. Skateboarding teaches you persistence. No matter how hard you fall, no matter how many bruises you get or bones you break, you always hop back up and try the same trick again. No other sport offers you that . Skateboarding has undergone many changes, but its unique willingness to accept anyone to try it will